Screenshot of Google Scholar
Latest screenshot: 2024-07-17
Access to search interface:
open
Last major interface update:
2017-12-15
Owner of search system:
Alphabet Inc.
Location of system headquarters:
Mountain View, US
Year of launch:
2004
Type:
Search engine
Twitter:
Description of search system (by system owner)

Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites. Google Scholar helps you find relevant work across the world of scholarly research.

Notes

Pro Tip: Use 'site:' to limit your keyword queries to specific (top-level) domains on Google Scholar. If you want to exclude domains, use the '-site:' operator. For example: -site:yale.edu or -site:gov.

CAUTION: Changing the settings (particularly language) will change search results - sometimes in unexpected ways: limiting to English content increases results. 

Total coverage:
389.00M
Year-over-year growth (2015-2016):
6.30%
Subject coverage:
Multidisciplinary
Retrospective coverage:
1500–2021
Record types:
13
Open Access records:
N/A

Search functionality and interface

Systematic keyword searching:
limited 
Backward citation searching:
limited 
Forward citation searching:
sufficient 
Query builder:
Search history:
Match preview:
Sorting options:
2

Query

Latency with short query:
0.5 seconds
Latency with long query:
0.5 seconds
Controlled vocabulary:
Field codes:
6
Full text search:
Search string length (narrow):
25 terms max.
Search string length (wide):
25 terms max.
Language support: Chinese:
Language support: Cyrillic:
Truncation:
Wildcards:
Keyword position irrelevant:
Longer strings, fewer hits:
Automatic query expansion (stemming):
Verbatim queries:
Reproducible queries (time):
Reproducible queries (locations):

Operators

Search operators:
3
Boolean 'OR':
Boolean 'AND':
Boolean 'NOT':
Proximity operator:
Boolean works exact:
Nested search (parentheses):

Citation search / filtering

Record type filters:
1
Results filters:
4
Suggested related records:
Supported by bibliometric tools:
N/A
Backward citation information:
Backward citation score:
N/A
Forward citation information:
Forward citation score:
100.00%

Retrieval

Number of accessible records:
1000
Bulk select records:
Bulk export records:
1
Export formats:
4
API:
no 
Bulk select records' backward citations:
Bulk export backward citations:
N/A
Bulk select records' forward citations:
Bulk export forward citations:
1
Pinned databases 0/6
Trusted by
JKU LinzUniversität Innsbruck
Funded by
FWF