PubMed
Latest screenshot: 2024-07-02
Access to search interface:
open
Last major interface update:
N/A
Owner of search system:
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Location of system headquarters:
Bethesda, US
Year of launch:
1996
Type:
Bibliographic database
Twitter:
Description of database (by system owner)
The National Library of Medicine® (NLM®) journal citation database. Started in the 1960s, it now provides more than 28 million references to biomedical and life sciences journal articles back to 1946. MEDLINE includes citations from more than 5,200 scholarly journals published around the world.
Description of search system (by system owner)
The PubMed database contains more than 32 million citations and abstracts of biomedical literature. [...] Citations in PubMed primarily stem from the biomedicine and health fields, and related disciplines such as life sciences, behavioral sciences, chemical sciences, and bioengineering.
Total coverage:
35.20M
Year-over-year growth (2019-2020):
15.42%
Subject coverage:
Medicine (52.31 %); Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (16.58 %); Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (5.16 %)
Retrospective coverage:
1799–2021
Record types:
59
Open Access records:
3.79M / 10.77%
Search functionality and interface
Systematic keyword searching:
extensive
Backward citation searching:
sufficient
Forward citation searching:
sufficient
Query builder:
Search history:
Match preview:
Sorting options:
5
Query
Latency with short query:
1.61 seconds
Latency with long query:
1.66 seconds
Controlled vocabulary:
Field codes:
51
Full text search:
Search string length (narrow):
2000 terms max.
Search string length (wide):
1000 terms max.
Language support: Chinese:
Language support: Cyrillic:
Truncation:
Wildcards:
Keyword position irrelevant:
Longer strings, fewer hits:
Automatic query expansion (stemming):
Verbatim queries:
Reproducible queries (time):
Reproducible queries (locations):
Operators
Search operators:
5
Boolean 'OR':
Boolean 'AND':
Boolean 'NOT':
Proximity operator:
Boolean works exact:
Nested search (parentheses):
Citation search / filtering
Record type filters:
59
Results filters:
10
Suggested related records:
Supported by bibliometric tools:
Bibliometrix; CiteSpace; VOSviewer
Backward citation information:
Backward citation score:
60.15%
Forward citation information:
Forward citation score:
26.11%
Retrieval
Number of accessible records:
10000
Bulk select records:
Bulk export records:
10000
Export formats:
4
API:
open
Bulk select records' backward citations:
Bulk export backward citations:
1
Bulk select records' forward citations:
Bulk export forward citations:
Full
